Drastic chemical change occurring in birth of planetary system: Has the solar system also experienced it?

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A new star is formed by gravitational contraction of an interstellar molecular cloud consisting of gas and dust. In the course of this process, a gas disk (protoplanetary disk), whose size is on the order of 100 AU, forms around the protostar and evolves into a planetary system. The Solar System was also formed in this way about 4.6 billion years ago, and life was eventually born on Earth. How unique in the Universe is the situation which happened for the Solar System? In order to answer this question, understanding the formation of protoplanetary disks as well as the associated chemical evolution in various star forming regions is essential. There have been extensive observational efforts made towards this goal. Until now, most of them have focused on changes in the physical structure and the kinematics during the formation process. However, it was very difficult to distinguish the protoplanetary disk from the infalling envelope clearly with such conventional approaches.The chemical evolution associated with disk formation has scarcely been studied observationally because of the insufficient sensitivity and spatial resolution of previous radio telescopes. As a result, a chemical model calculation with many assumptions is the only approach. Naturally, the physical and chemical changes in the disk formation should be coupled with each other. …


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